摘要
莎士比亚是诞生于文艺复兴时期的文学巨匠，爱情题材是莎士比亚戏剧中一个常见的主题，对罗密欧与朱丽叶爱情的塑造，集中且较为全面地体现了莎士比亚的爱情观。莎士比亚独特的爱情观洋溢在他的作品中，充满人性关怀，提倡纯洁自由、坚贞不渝的爱，反对封建禁欲主义，肯定女性在爱情中的价值和地位，唱出了时代的最强音。本文主要以《罗密欧与朱丽叶》这部戏剧作为重点，同时结合莎士比亚其他戏剧中有关爱情的描写，分几个方面来探讨莎士比亚对于爱情的看法。
关键词： 莎士比亚；《罗密欧与朱丽叶》；爱情观
Abstract
Shakespeare was a literary giant born in the Renaissance. The theme of love is a common theme in Shakespeare’s plays. The shaping of Romeo and Juliet love embodies Shakespeare’s view of love. Shakespeare’s unique view of love is permeated with his works, full of human care, advocating pure and free, unswerving love, opposing feudal asceticism, affirming the value and status of women in love, and singing the strongest voice of The Times. This paper focuses on the drama Romeo and Juliet, and discusses Shakespeare’s views on love, together with the description of love in other Shakespeare plays.
Key words： Shakespeare; Romeo and Juliet; love view
1 Introduction
Praise for love is an important theme in Shakespeare’s plays. Since Shakespeare’s creation has reached a very high level in thought and art, the study of his creation for centuries is vast. According to previous research, Shakespeare’s dramatic creation shows the praise of young men and women, actively breaks away from the patriarchal power and husband power, breaks the traditional customs of men respecting women, demands the freedom of marriage, and truly reflects an equal humanistic spirit. The love in Shakespeare’s plays flashes human liberation and personal freedom, reflecting the humanistic spirit of people’s desire for good love and the pursuit of personal happiness in the social environment at that time, and has positive and progressive social significance. In the play, Shakespeare describes the young men and women who break through the shackles of old ideas such as feudal ethics, traditional prejudices and religious taboos, and boldly pursue free and pure love with personal wisdom and courage. This creates a series of new female images shining with humanistic ideals. They are young, beautiful, gentle, affectionate, dare to fight for a good love to the end. Shakespeare’s ideal love mode is love at first sight, once the hero finds his true love, he will encounter various difficulties, hinder their union, but they will love with vigour and vitality, and then unswervingly pursue their pure love, and struggle for it. Shakespeare’s love is also permeated with a pure and romantic atmosphere. Once both men and women fall in love, the huge passion moves in the heart. The hero and heroine in the play are often full of lyrical and romantic words, which makes the hero’s love more moving.
So far, there are few foreign researchers from the subject of the difference between Chinese and western love views, and have achieved certain research results. Anandam P The study and analysis of marriage and love in eastern and Western literature from three different perspectives. Brien, Jeremy, studied and analyzed the concept of love shown in Romeo and Juliet, from the professional perspective of drama. Jim Leach From the perspective of the character of the protagonist, the final ending of the work and the theme of the work, the aesthetic taste, cultural pursuit and the concept of western love are analyzed. John Orr Believe that Romeo and Juliet embodies the people-oriented humanism thought, and the love story of the two protagonists fighting with the feudal forces to the end, reveals the great power of humanism.
Scholars choose different entry points to carry out in-depth analysis and study of Shakespeare’s view of love, and have achieved some harvest and results. At the same time, these valuable research materials also provide valuable experience and materials for further research and discussion of later generations. At present, the academic community has explained the study of Shakespeare’s view of love, and no one has conducted a specific comprehensive study on this. Therefore, in this article, the author will conduct research and analysis on the academic area here.
Love is one of the most meaningful relationships, an aspect of human life, learned from Shakespeare’s love story, is not only the eternal charm of love, but also his profound insight into social life. By analyzing Shakespeare’s view of love, we can better understand his profound thoughts, and then better appreciate Shakespeare’s plays. Through the reading of relevant academic papers and works, Shakespeare has a unique understanding of love: he believed that love is beautiful and romantic, believed in the innocence and freedom of love, gave deep sympathy to the reality of female oppression, and realized the due position of women in love. The following focuses on the play Romeo and Juliet, combined with other plays about love, about Shakespeare’s unique view of love from three aspects of talk.
2 Works and author introduction
Since its publication, Romeo and Juliet has been loved and pursued by the vast number of readers. It is a romantic and poignant love story that makes the names of Juliet and Romeo almost known to all, and their love has also become a symbol of loyalty. The reason why such a poignant and moving story in history is precisely because of the humanism thought of the two protagonists at that time, which made love between the two people romantic and touching. Of course, it is also because of such a humanistic thought that eventually led to the tragedy of love between two people, leaving a deep feeling for the later people.
Romeo and Juliet is a more comprehensive play of Shakespeare’s view of love, love is the core of this play, from love at first sight to the final death, Shakespeare’s heart of love faces can be found in this play. Romeo and Juliet tells the story of two young men and women from feudal families who fall in love and die unexpectedly to oppose a feudal marriage. Montague and Caplet are two famous ethnic groups of Verona who have been hostile for years. From the patriarch to the servant, both families were clearly hostile to each other’s families. Their servants even repeatedly caused the citizens to fight and disturb the streets. Montague’s son Romeo meets and falls in love with Caplte’s daughter Juliet at a feast. Later, they had a secret meeting in the Capof the and garden. In the pursuit of happiness, they betray their families. But later, in an accident, Romeo is forced to kill Juliet’s cousin Tillbert, so he is exiled. Meanwhile, Juliet’s parents forced him to marry Paris, and the two lovers were almost forced to separate. But the power of love makes them face many tests bravely. They bravely defended their love, turned to the priest, and secretly came together, drank poison, and pretended death. However, they still both died because of misunderstanding. The death of two people resolved the hatred of two families, two families in the face of the tragedy of blood. Shakespeare shaped his idealized love through Romeo and Juliet, this romantic, vigorous love, has the power to penetrate the heart in the world.
2.1 Introduction to Romeo and juliet
Romeo and Juliet was written in 1595, earlier than Hamlet. It was a love tragedy, but it was completed in Shakespeare’s comedy when Shakespeare was still full of hope for life. He mainly wrote romantic comedies and painted a happy picture of life. Romeo and Juliet also bring the romantic spirit; it is not as sad and indignant as Hamlet. In the play-the death of young lovers teaches two families a lesson in blood. They repent, eliminate old grudges, and makeup. After all, the power of love triumphed over feudal prejudice, which was generally caused by Shakespeare’s comedy spirit of “love over everything,” which reflected Shakespeare’s humanistic ideal in this period.
What is particularly touching in the play is the firmness of the two protagonists to love. As soon as they fall in love, they hand over everything to each other, facing feudal hedges, family feuds, and worldly prejudices. Still, they break through these seemingly insurmountable obstacles without scruples and come to the point that their love is so bold, so warm and so sincere that they not only agree with each other but also share each other’s hearts. Romeo mistakenly believed that Juliet, who was sleepy by medicine, had died, so she drew her sword and committed suicide, and Juliet could only go with her when she woke up. There are rashness and rashness, but this is pure love, their love does not have any worldly considerations and selfish attempts, they have written-song of love that has been passed down from time to time.
2.2 Introduction to William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. His surviving works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. Shakespeare died on April 23rd, 1616. He left the world a rich heritage of immortal plays and poems. He created a large number of popular literary works, occupies a special position in the history of European literature, has been hailed as “Olympus Zeus in human literature.” He is also known as the four great tragedies of ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.Marx called Shakespeare “one of the greatest human geniuses”.Engels praised the realism of his works and the vividness and richness of the plots.Shakespeare’s works have been translated into almost every language in the world. Introduced to China after 1919, the complete works of Shakespeare are now available in Chinese
He was a first-rate actor, but it is as a writer of plays that he has achieved lasting world-wide fame. His plays are thought to be the finest ever written in any language.His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. He is also known as the four great tragedies of ancient Greece, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides.
Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, two of his former theatrical colleagues published the First Folio, a collected edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognised as Shakespeare’s.
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the nineteenth century. The Romantics, in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare’s genius, and the Victorians worshipped Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called “bardolatry”. In the twentieth century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. Shakespeare is the pride of the English people. They regard him as the first man in history. On his birthday, his plays are performed in many countries every year in his honor.
3 Full of humanistic care, advocating free love
3.1 Praise the freedom of love and oppose the feudal bondage
Shakespeare’s uniqueness of treating love is reflected in his freedom to praise love. In terms of theme setting, his love plays explicitly oppose arranged marriage, directly challenge the feudal ethics, praise the freedom of love, and praise the autonomy of marriage.
In Romeo and Juliet, Juliet’s father, Caplte, faces Paris’s proposal for the second time when he says, ” I can take the lead for my child. I think she will absolutely obey my will.”He even drew up her wedding date with Paris without Juliet’s consent, and once Juliet violated his will, he insulted Juliet with” damn little bitch, unfilial little beast.”And Mrs.Capulet is her husband to arrange everything for her daughter as “considerate”, that her husband’s arrangement can “relieve her daughter”, just like the defender of feudal morality. But when Mrs.Capbright asked Juliet, ” Answer me simply, can you accept Paris’s love?”Juliet replied,” If I see him, then I am ready to like him. But the arrow of my eyes, if not get your permission, is not dare to launch out.”In the social environment of the time, the heroine first emphasized her own love and free will, and then added that she would refer to her mother’s attitude. Later, Juliet was ordered to marry Paris, when her parents forced or even abused her, she still insisted her opinion: ” I don’t like, only grateful; you can’t force me to like someone I have no love of him, but I appreciate your love of kindness.”Juliet’s attitude towards love is very independent and unique. The high pressure and control of the patriarchal system did not work in front of her, and her love always excluded the impersonal factors and broke free from all the shackles.
The resistance of the family is objective, the love utopia created by Shakespeare for the two people was broken by the cold family hatred, and the lovers did not get a happy ending. In order to fight for freedom and happiness, they all died under the strong oppression of their feudal parents. When Romeo sees the dead Juliet, he does not hesitate to drink the poison and fall down beside her. Then, the “resurrected” Juliet resolutely ended her life with a short sword, following his lover. The hero and the heroine deduce the loyalty, passion and persistence of love together. Shakespeare presented the bloody tragedy to the reader, expressing his strong opposition to the feudal arranged marriage and patriarchy, as well as his beautiful yearning for the freedom of love and independent marriage.
3.2 Affirm human feelings and maintain human dignity
Shakespeare’s works contain his unique love ideal, full of human care, against abstinence, and advocate that people should seek the pursuit of human emotion and the satisfaction of human reasonable desire, which is his most sharp criticism and resistance to the asceticism of medieval Christianity.
Shakespeare’s works show the awakening of human consciousness and the role of free will, and clearly affirm the care for people, the maintenance of human value and dignity, as well as the understanding and support of human freedom, which truly reflects the profound connotation of the humanistic care spirit. For example, in The End, the Countess discovers that Helina is in love with her son, and she affirms this pure love. She said, ” We are the children of nature. Everyone has a natural feeling of this thorn: it is the rose of youth is indispensable. When a passionate relationship brands youth, this is the hallmark of nature.”With the help of the countess’s words, Shakespeare skillfully expressed his views on the pursuit of love between young men and women. The king praised Helina and said, ” You have all the admirable things in life, youth, beauty, wisdom, courage, virtue, these are enough to make life happy.”Shakespeare also affirmed and praised women’s external beauty and internal beauty, believing that women’s beauty and excellent qualities are the greatest value of life. This is a far cry from the medieval view of neglecting earthly life and treating women as hell, evil and the devil. In Shakespeare’s view, the excellent quality of people is the ultimate standard of happiness in life, affirming the value and dignity of people. Love in Shakespeare’s heart is equal, love both sides enjoy the same dignity, love does not change because of the wealth, status, gender of both sides. In the Twelfth Night, Shakespeare portrays the intelligent and brave Viola and Olivia, revealing the ideal of equality in love. And Rotheryn in “As You Like It”, when she meets Oran in the Aden Forest, tests the loyalty of love with intelligence, and tacacts for maximum personality independence and freedom.
In Shakespeare’s works, the hero always boldly expresses the experience of love boldly, and even desperate to pursue, Romeo and Juliet gave their lives for love. Shakespeare gives the hero the persistence of true love, contempt for all feudal ethics, the courage to break out of the cage, he hopes that they are not constrained, can have a real free love. In the time when Shakespeare lived, the feudal system began to collapse, and the power of the new bourgeoisie began to rise. At that time, the medieval obscurantism represented by religious theology gradually declined, and the bourgeois view centered on individualism became more and more popular. Humanism began to occupy a dominant position in the social and cultural trend of thought. People began to escape asceticism and pursue the right to freedom and love. In the drama, Shakespeare reflected the cruel and dark of the feudal system and the criticism of the imprisonment of human nature, expressing the humanistic praise of free love and the anti-feudal restraint of abstinence, as well as the requirements of the emerging bourgeoisie for the establishment of new social relations and ethical concepts.
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